typology of taqrīr (tacit approval) in jurisprudence of schools

the infallible’s (a.s.) taqrīr, as one of the three tradition types, is that an action is carried out in their presence, and although they can hinder it, they would adopt a position that would denote their consent. there are different issues of interest concerning the infallible’s (a.s.) taqrīr. one of them is the typology of taqrīr, which has not been dealt with yet. the present paper has been written for elucidation of degrees of taqrīr, examination of the evidential degrees and finding types of its true evidence within the five schools’ jurisprudence. then, the identified types of the sunna of taqrīr are compiled and critically reviewed under eight topics. types of taqrīr are as follows: 1. confirmation of words or actions; 2. praising the actor; 3. participation of the infallible (a.s.) in the action; 4. commanding the requirements of the words or actions; 5. consent to the outcomes of the actions; 6. silence along with smile/laughter; 7. retelling the words, without confirming or denying, 8. merely keeping silent.